Mathematical Functions

Constants

`INF`

Positive infinity. It can be used as an open bound, for example MIN(INF, Capacity).

`NAN`

Sets a variable to an invalid numeric value. NAN stands for “Not a Number” and propagates through ordinary arithmetic.

Basic functions

Function	Meaning and edge semantics	Example
`ABS(value)`	Absolute value.	`ABS(Error)`
`ISNAN(value)`	Returns `1` when `value` is `NAN`; otherwise returns `0`.	`ISNAN(Measurement)`
`SQRT(value)`	Square root after clamping the input to at least `0`.	`SQRT(MAX(Area, 0))`
`EXP(value)`	Natural exponential.	`EXP(Growth_Rate * TIME)`
`LOG(value, [base])`	Natural log with one argument; logarithm in `base` with two. Inputs are floored at `1e-12`; a base whose log is near zero returns `0`. Alias: `LN`.	`LOG(100, 10)`
`LOG10(value)`	Base-10 log; input is floored at `1e-12`.	`LOG10(Population)`
`SIN(value)`	Sine in radians.	`SIN(2 PI TIME)`
`COS(value)`	Cosine in radians.	`COS(Angle)`
`TAN(value)`	Tangent in radians.	`TAN(Angle)`
`FLOOR(value)`	Greatest integer not greater than `value`.	`FLOOR(8.9)`
`INT(value)`	Same floor semantics as `FLOOR`, including negative values: `INT(-8.9)` is `-9`.	`INT(Batch_Size)`
`CEIL(value)`	Smallest integer not less than `value`. Alias: `CEILING`.	`CEIL(Orders / Pack_Size)`
`ROUND(value, [digits])`	Rounds to the nearest integer or to nonnegative decimal `digits`. Negative digits are treated as `0`; `digits` is converted to an integer.	`ROUND(Unit_Cost, 2)`
`MOD(a, b)`	Truncating remainder of `a / b`; returns `0` when `b` is near zero.	`MOD(TIME, 7)`

The engine also accepts POWER(a, b) and POW(a, b) as aliases for the a ^ b operator. It accepts ASIN/ARCSIN, ACOS/ARCCOS, and ATAN/ARCTAN; inverse-sine and inverse-cosine inputs are clamped to [-1, 1]. These aliases are supported but are not separate canonical editor entries.

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